First, a preliminary test force (commonly referred to as preload or minor load) is applied to a sample using a diamond or ball indenter. The Rockwell method measures the permanent depth of indentation produced by a force/load on an indenter. The Rockwell test method is used on all metals, except in condition where the test metal structure or surface conditions would introduce too much variations where the indentations would be too large for the application or where the sample size or sample shape prohibits its use. The Rockwell test is generally easier to perform, and more accurate than other types of hardness testing methods. You should obtain a copy of this standard, read and understand the standard completely before attempting a Rockwell test. The Rockwell hardness test method, as defined in ASTM E-18, is the most commonly used hardness test method. Learn more about hardness testing basics here. Indentation hardness value is obtained by measuring the depth or the area of the indentation using one of over 12 different test methods. More simply put, when using a fixed force (load) and a given indenter, the smaller the indentation, the harder the material. It is defined as the resistance to indentation, and it is determined by measuring the permanent depth of the indentation. Hardness is a characteristic of a material, not a fundamental physical property.
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